As I am sure many of our readers know, the masculine Greek word, adelphoi, literally means “sons.” In it’s usage, however, it referred to any group of people with at least one male. The feminine version was only used for groups that consisted of all females. With Christians being a mixed group, they were always referred to in the masculine sense.
Who cares? Well, the question is, how do you translate this word? Do you go for a strict literal translation? If so, you run the risk of a person reading it and thinking it only referred to males. However, do you insert an interpretation onto the text that the uninformed reader takes at heart? That is the question.
Here are some more (refined) thoughts on the matter: Parableman: Sons (and Daughters?)
However, there’s one element of sonhood and daughterhood in the biblical context that isn’t parallel to brotherhood and sisterhood. Sons inherited. Daughters didn’t unless there were no sons to inherit. The concept of sonhood as applied to believers is clearly tied up with that in the biblical discussions of the sonhood of believers.Many scholars think this is deliberately masculine and not just because some of the people involved are male. Just as humanity was created in God’s image, male and female, so too are we all inheritors of God’s salvation and all that comes with it. That means all, male and female. Therefore, in the concepts of the immediate context, we’re all sons, male and female, not sons and daughters. Carolyn says, “I am a daughter, to be sure. But my heart is deeply encouraged because I know God values, views and counts on me as a son. I carry on my Father’s name, build His kingdom and am a full heir alongside my brothers.”
That’s exactly what you miss out on with inclusive language translations, though I want to be careful here. This sort of missing out doesn’t just happen with inclusive translations. It happens with traditional ones just as easily with exactly the same phrases. If the goal of translating the scriptures is to capture what was originally meant in a way our culture can understand it, we have a dilemma. Do we capture the sense that it includes women by translating it as sons and daughters, or do we capture the implication that even women are sons by translating it the way translations have traditionally done so? Each captures a different element of what the original says, and each loses the other element of what the original says.
In this case, I can understand going either way, but I think this is an important point not to lose in our translations, which is why I think it’s good to have both kinds of Bible translations. Different translation philosophies lead to different emphases, which bring out different elements of the original than you might get if you just use one translation. So what I’m saying here isn’t a complaint against the TNIV or other inclusive language translations. It’s a complaint against those who would use only that sort of translation, though it’s also a complaint against those who insist on using only the opposing kind. You miss out on what the scripture says if you don’t take into account the various options for translating with these difficult matters.
Here are some more: Carolyn Custis James, Sticks and Stones and Names that Hurt.
here”s an unsettling (but hard to miss) bit of trivia: of approximately 3000 characters in the Bible, less than 10 percent are women. A ratio like that makes one wonder if God rejoices in his sons but, apart from rare exceptions, cares less about his daughters.
Does this reflect the teaching of the Bible? Or is the fallen culture that forms the backdrop of the Bible simply the best exclamation point to place alongside the true message God is revealing? After my encounters with Tamam and Kitula, I”m leaning toward the latter.
Myself, I just want it footnoted. For personal study, I want the literal footnoted with the meaning. For readings aloud, I favor the cultural translation.
What do you think about this?
6 Comments
It seems your concern Henry is the idea of running the risk of misleading the reader if they read a translation that is masculine in its voice.
If you are talking about a new Christian, I agree, the risk is higher. If you are talking about a non-Christian, the risk is off the charts.
But a believer who knows the meta-narrative of the Bible knows what Parableman purports, this type of language includes daughters. That is what is consistent with the character of God. And that believer is required to help those who are less mature in their faith understand this subtlety.
As for the last quote, I’ll trust the math is verified. Ratios can provide insight but are not hard proof for how God thinks. But overall, I’m not even sure what she is saying. Why does it have to be either/or? I prefer both/and but again, don’t see a huge connection between her two questions. There are so many other statements one could make about her ratio statement. Not well thought out or clear.
Brad, with your first section I agree completely. Every translation is an interpretation. Even strict-literal translations fall short in their transparency of the text.
How successful do you think we as a group have been with this? Subtleties are often lost a) in translation, and b) in teaching.
The second quote simply brings up the open question of how does one separate the male-dominated culture recorded in the Bible with what God wants.
I guess what I’m saying is that if you mean male-dominated in a purely descriptive sense [The Bible records more stories of men than women], I’m not sure what God ‘wants’ has to do with the ratio. God didn’t make any mistakes in recording what he wanted to record [here we go with the innerrancy issue again...ha].
Here is my bottom line: I think the ratio is descriptive, not prescriptive. In other words, when the Bible records more stories of men than women, He is using those stories to describe the meta-narrative of God’s redemption, nothing more, nothing less. It does not mean that God is prescribing a male-dominated culture. That is imposing something on Scripture that is inconsistent with God’s attributes.
As for the level of success we as Evangelicals have been with, I would say poor. But things are changing. I just am concerned that we don’t swing so far to the other side of the pendulum to overcompensate for our shortcomings. It is important to be balanced.
i guess the word “dominated” bothers me to in this context. it has too much potential for negative connotation. in other words, it is a leading adjective to me…
Do you think there should be a negative connotation there? Do you think that the cultures in Abraham, David’s, Jesus’, Paul’s day were negatively dominated by men over women?
what do you mean by dominated?